Which statement is correct about the range of VHF waves?

The statement regarding the range of VHF waves being dependent on both the elevation of the ground antenna and the aircraft altitude is accurate because the propagation of VHF signals is significantly influenced by the line-of-sight characteristics that elevation provides. Higher elevation of both the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna can extend the distance over which VHF waves can be effectively received.

In practical terms, a ground-based VHF transmitter located at a higher altitude will have a greater line of sight and can transmit signals over a longer distance compared to one situated at a lower elevation. Similarly, if the aircraft is flying at a higher altitude, it can receive signals from ground stations that are further away, thanks to an unobstructed line of sight. This results in improved communication range and effectiveness.

In contrast, the other options incorrectly suggest that the range of VHF waves is not impacted by these significant factors. For example, the assertion that the range is independent of the elevation ignores the critical role that height plays in extending communication capabilities. Additionally, claiming that mountains do not affect the range disregards the reality of signal obstruction that can occur due to geographical features. Lastly, relying solely on transmitter power while ignoring the elevation aspects presents an incomplete picture of range limitations in VHF communication