Which are the basic components of the Threat and Error Management model?

The Threat and Error Management (TEM) model is designed to help aviation professionals understand and manage the risks associated with operational threats and human errors. The correct response identifies the three essential elements of the model: threats, errors, and undesired aircraft states.

Threats are defined as external factors that can potentially lead to an unsafe situation or operational disruption. This may include environmental conditions, technical issues, or any external influences that could pose risks during a flight.

Errors represent the mistakes or deviations made by the flight crew in their actions or decision-making processes. These can arise from miscommunications, lapses in judgment, or limitations in training and experience.

Undesired aircraft states are situations in which the aircraft is not in a safe, controlled, or intended condition, often as a result of the combination of identified threats and crew errors. Addressing undesired aircraft states is crucial as they can lead to serious safety incidents if not recognized and corrected promptly.

By focusing on these components—threats, errors, and undesired aircraft states—the TEM model promotes a thorough understanding of aviation safety and encourages proactive measures to mitigate risks through effective management strategies.