When should a wake turbulence non-radar separation minima of 2 minutes be applied?

When considering the application of a wake turbulence non-radar separation minima of 2 minutes, the situation involving a MEDIUM aircraft landing behind a HEAVY aircraft is critical due to the significant wake turbulence generated by larger aircraft during their approach and landing phases. Heavy aircraft create stronger vortices, which can pose a hazard to smaller aircraft, particularly in the final stages of landing when they are closer to the ground and more vulnerable to disturbances caused by these vortices.

In this context, the 2-minute separation is established to allow adequate time for the wake vortices to dissipate and ensure a safe arrival for the following MEDIUM aircraft. This measure mitigates the risks associated with proximity to the heavier aircraft and ensures that the subsequent aircraft can land safely without being affected by the preceding aircraft's wake turbulence.

The other scenarios provided do not meet the criteria for the specific separation minima due to variations in aircraft types and operational phases that result in different turbulence dynamics. For example, the situations involving LIGHT aircraft either taking off or landing behind a MEDIUM aircraft typically do not necessitate the same stringent separation due to the generally weaker wake produced by MEDIUM aircraft compared to HEAVY aircraft.