What weather conditions are typically associated with air masses being cooled from below?

The correct answer highlights that when air masses are cooled from below, they are often associated with specific weather phenomena. This cooling can lead to the formation of fog, which occurs when the air temperature drops to the dew point, causing water vapor to condense into tiny water droplets suspended in the air. This process reduces visibility significantly.

Additionally, as the cool air sits close to the ground, it can result in poor visibility due to the increased moisture content in the air, which can also lead to the formation of layered clouds. These layered clouds are typically stratiform and often form under stable atmospheric conditions where the cooler air lies beneath warmer air, trapping moisture and limiting vertical development.

In contrast, other choices describe weather conditions that are not typically a result of air masses being cooled from below. Strong winds and cumulus clouds usually indicate instability in the atmosphere, which often comes from rising warm air rather than the cooling from below. Uniform temperature and good visibility suggest stable conditions, but they do not necessarily imply the cooling effect mentioned in the question. Continuous rain and freezing temperatures are more associated with distinct weather systems like fronts rather than the gradual effects of cooling air masses from the ground, which primarily leads to fog and low clouds.