What characterizes a latent threat in the TEM model?

In the Threat and Error Management (TEM) model, a latent threat is characterized by the fact that it is not directly obvious or observable by the flight crew. This means that such threats exist within the operational environment but may not be immediately recognized or apparent. These latent threats can stem from systemic issues, organizational factors, or unresolved safety issues within the aviation system, and they can impact flight safety in significant ways.

Unlike more overt threats, which are observable and can be managed or mitigated in real-time, latent threats may be deeper-rooted and require comprehensive understanding and attention to training, culture, and operational practices. The flight crew may not see these threats through regular operation but can reflect on them when problems arise. Recognizing and addressing latent threats is crucial to preventing incidents and accidents, hence their identification is an essential component of effective threat and error management.

The nature of latent threats emphasizes the importance of awareness and proactive risk assessment within aviation safety practices. Understanding that these threats exist, even if not immediately visible, prepares crews to better assess and manage the broader safety context in which they operate.