In which conditions are pilots likely to encounter wind shear, particularly at lower altitudes?

Wind shear refers to a rapid change in wind speed or direction over a short distance in the atmosphere, and it poses significant hazards to aircraft during takeoff and landing phases of flight. Pilots are particularly cautious of wind shear at lower altitudes because it can dramatically affect the aircraft's performance, especially during critical phases of flight such as approach and landing.

The conditions most conducive to encountering wind shear include areas near thunderstorms or unstable air masses. Thunderstorms are associated with strong updrafts and downdrafts, leading to significant variations in wind speed and direction in their vicinity. The turbulent nature of unstable air masses can also create similar wind shear effects as the atmospheric conditions change rapidly around them. This is particularly concerning when flying in or near these weather phenomena, as the wind shear can be localized and unpredictable, creating a challenge for pilots to maintain control of the aircraft.

Other weather conditions mentioned, like high-pressure systems, cloudy weather without precipitation, or persistent fog, typically lack the dynamic disturbances that lead to severe wind shear. In high-pressure systems, the winds are usually more stable and predictable. Cloudy weather may not necessarily include the turbulence associated with wind shear unless accompanied by convective activity. Persistent fog often indicates a stable air mass that does not favor the