How does ground effect influence the landing distance of an aircraft?

Ground effect significantly influences the landing distance of an aircraft by causing an increase in lift when the aircraft is close to the ground. As an aircraft approaches the runway, the air pressure builds up between the wings and the ground, enhancing the aerodynamic lift generated by the wings. This effect occurs within a height equivalent to one wingspan of the aircraft above the surface.

When an aircraft is in ground effect, it may float above the runway longer during the landing flare, which can lead to a longer landing roll. The increased lift may cause the pilot to delay the touchdown, requiring the aircraft to travel a greater distance before coming to a complete stop. Therefore, when considering the landing distance, the presence of ground effect can indeed result in an increase in the landing distance required for the aircraft to safely land and come to a halt.

Understanding the nuances of how ground effect operates is crucial for pilots, as managing the aircraft's descent profile and being aware of lift changes during the landing phase can directly impact safety and performance.